The truck accident statute of limitations in North Dakota appears to be 6 years from the date of the crash (N.D.C.C. § 28-01-16). Wrongful death generally runs 2 years from the date of death. If a government vehicle or entity was involved, formal written notice is generally required first, on its own clock: 180 days. The evidence clock is shorter than all of them.
Before you rely on these numbers
The statutory figures on this page have not yet been verified against current statute text by a licensed attorney. They are published with their citations so they can be checked, and they should be treated as a starting point for a conversation with a North Dakota lawyer — not as a legal conclusion. Statutes change: Florida cut its personal injury period in half in 2023 and Louisiana doubled its own in 2024.
Your deadlines in North Dakota, calculated
Enter the date of your crash and the tool below will work out both clocks — the legal filing deadline and the much shorter window before the proof can be destroyed. North Dakota is already selected. Nothing you type is sent anywhere.
What makes North Dakota different
North Dakota has the widest gap between its injury and death clocks of any state covered here: six years for personal injury, but only two for wrongful death. A family dealing with a fatal Bakken crash is on a timeline three times shorter than an injured survivor of the same crash — and the 180-day notice to a political subdivision applies to the county road authorities that maintain most oilfield routes.
The four North Dakota deadlines that matter
| Deadline | Period | Runs from | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal injury lawsuit | 6 years | the date of the crash | N.D.C.C. § 28-01-16 |
| Wrongful death claim | 2 years | the date of death | N.D.C.C. § 28-01-18(4) |
| Notice — state entity | 3 years | the date of the crash | N.D.C.C. § 32-12.2-04 |
| Notice — city, county or district | 180 days | the date of the crash | N.D.C.C. § 32-12.1-04 |
On the wrongful death period: Two years against six — the largest gap between the injury and death clocks of any state. A fatal crash in North Dakota is on a dramatically shorter timeline than an injury crash.
Claims against a government entity in North Dakota
The shortest government notice window found for North Dakota — 180 days (N.D.C.C. § 32-12.1-04). This is the deadline that quietly ends claims: it comes due long before the ordinary filing deadline, it is a precondition to suing rather than a suggestion, and missing it usually bars the claim entirely no matter how strong the case is.
Claims against the State are presented to the Office of Management and Budget. Notice to a political subdivision within 180 days of the injury.
Public fleets you could realistically be hit by in North Dakota: NDDOT plow and maintenance trucks, county road department equipment, municipal fleets in Fargo, Bismarck and Williston, and school district buses. If you are not certain whether the vehicle that hit you was one of these, work to the shorter deadline until somebody confirms otherwise. The downside is not symmetrical.
If the injured person was a minor
Tolled to age 18 in North Dakota under N.D.C.C. § 28-01-25 — the clock generally does not start until the injured person turns 18.
That pause applies to the court deadline. It does not apply to the evidence. A carrier is entitled to destroy a driver's logs six months after the crash whether the injured person is 8 or 38, and in many states a government notice deadline is not tolled for a child either. A tolled filing deadline and an untouched evidence deadline is the most dangerous combination on this page.
When the North Dakota clock starts
Applies. North Dakota runs the clock from when the plaintiff knows or should know of the injury and its cause.
Why the evidence clock in North Dakota is much shorter
North Dakota's filing deadline is 6 years. The federal retention rules that govern the trucking company are measured in weeks and months:
- Dashcam and telematics video — often 30 days or less. No federal retention requirement — vendor and carrier policy only.
- ECM / black box data — overwritten as the tractor keeps running, and routinely lost when it is repaired or resold.
- Driver logs and records of duty status — six months (49 CFR § 395.8(k)(1)).
- Maintenance and repair records — one year while the vehicle is in the carrier's control (49 CFR § 396.3(c)).
- Annual inspection report — 14 months (49 CFR § 396.21(b)(1)).
The way to stop those clocks is a preservation letter to the carrier — a written demand that specific evidence be kept. Until it arrives, destroying records at the end of a retention period is routine and lawful. Our FMCSA regulations and evidence guide explains what each of these records contains.
Truck traffic in North Dakota
The Bakken changed North Dakota's roads permanently. Oilfield water, sand and crude haulers operate at volumes the western county road network was never built for, and US-85 has some of the highest truck crash rates in the northern plains.
The corridors where these crashes concentrate: I-94 (Fargo–Bismarck–Montana), I-29 (Fargo–Grand Forks–Canada), US-2 across the northern tier, US-85 through the Bakken and ND-22 and ND-23 oilfield routes.
Neighbouring states have different clocks
A crash a few miles across a state line can be governed by a completely different deadline. If you are not certain which state your crash happened in — near a border, on a bridge, or on an interstate you were travelling at speed — check both.
| State | Injury deadline | Wrongful death |
|---|---|---|
| Minnesota | 6 years | 3 years |
| South Dakota | 3 years | 3 years |
| Montana | 3 years | 3 years |
Or use the filing deadline calculator to compare any state, and the full state index for all 50 states and D.C.
What to do next in North Dakota
- Get a preservation letter to the carrier. This is the most time-critical step and the one almost nobody hears about.
- Confirm whether a government entity was involved. That answer can replace your 6 years deadline with a far shorter notice window — 180 days.
- Do not give a recorded statement to the trucking company's insurer.
- Request the North Dakota crash report, which identifies the carrier, the DOT number and the insurer.
- Have a lawyer licensed in North Dakota confirm the dates above against the current statute.
Sources
- Hours of Service — records of duty status retention — 49 CFR § 395.8 (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration)
- Inspection, Repair, and Maintenance — record retention — 49 CFR Part 396 (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration)
- Accident register requirements — 49 CFR § 390.15 (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration)
- Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts — Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Federal regulations and crash statistics are updated periodically. Figures cited on this page reflect the referenced publications at the time of writing; check the source for the current edition.